Amathuba okukhetha ukubala kwe-zeolite ngokwesifundo sokufaka amafiltara emayi.

Ubude bezinkulungwane zaseolite yokugcina amanzi uyaphatha indlela eyodwa ekubhaleni ukuthi ukugcina kwenziwe ngokuphelele, ukusebenza kwemithambo yamanzi, nokuguqula izinhlobo. Izinkulungwane ezihlukene ziyaphatha indlela eyodwa yokufika kwamanzi emithambini yokugcina, indlela yokugcina izinto ezingavali, futhi indlela yokususa izinto ezingavali ezifana nezinhlobo zase-ammonium.

Kukhetha ukubala kwe-zeolite okuhambisana nokusebenza kwemithambo yezilwane zokuchitha amanzi, kufuneka kubalwe ukuchitha kahle, ukuphatha kwe-pressure loss, izinkinga zokubuyela umsindo, nokuthi yiziphi izimo zokusebenza. Uma kusetyenziswa ukuchitha amanzi asekhaya, ukuchitha amanzi esikolweni sokuchitha amanzi, ukuchitha emithambo yezilwane zokuchitha amanzi, noma izinye izindlela zokuchitha amanzi, izilwane zokuchitha amanzi ezihlukanisiwe ngokuhambisana kunokuthuthukisa ubukhulu bokusebenza kwebhodi yezilwane nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemithambo yezilwane.

Ukuchitha kwe-zeolite nokuthuthukisa ukuchitha nokuthuthukisa ukuchitha kwe-ion exchange

Ukuchitha kwe-zeolite kwezilwane zokuchitha amanzi kuthuthukisa ukuchitha kwezilwane nokuthuthukisa ukuchitha kwezilwane. Izilwane ezingaphezulu zingathuthukisa ukuchitha kwezilwane nokuthuthukisa ukuchitha kwezilwane, uma izilwane ezingaphansi zingathuthukisa ukuchitha kwezilwane nokuthuthukisa ukuchitha kwezilwane.

Ukuchitha kwezilwane zokuchitha amanzi zokuchitha amanzi

Amamaki ejwayelekile e-zeolite afana ne-12 × 24 mesh ne-16 × 30 mesh avame ukukhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo. Izinhlayiya ze-zeolite ezisheshe zikhumule zakha izikhala ezinkulu phakathi kwezinhlamvu, okuvumela ukugeleza kwamanzi okuphezulu nokumelana kangcono nokufiphaza. Lezi zici zenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa lapho amandla e-hydraulic nemijikelezo yokuhlunga ende ibalulekile.

Izinhlayiya ze-zeolite eziwusizo zinikeza isakhiwo se-filter esihlangene, esingathuthukisa ukususwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane ezixekethile futhi kwandise ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanzi namaminerali. Nokho, izinhlayiya ezincane zingase zandise ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi futhi zidinge ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zokuhlanza.

Ukusebenza kwangempela kokuhlunga akuxhomekile kuphela osayizi bezinhlayiyana kodwa futhi nasezici ezinjengobunzulu bombhede, ijubane lokuhamba, ikhwalithi yamaminerali, nezici zamanzi angena.

Isisitemu sokufiltera esihle sisifaka izinye zezinye ukuze sifumane ukukhishwa kahle kwezinye futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic.

Ukubalansha i-Pressure Drop, i-Turbidity Control, nokuthinteka kwezinye zokufiltera

Ukukhetha kwezinye zezinye kuyathinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kwezinye zezolite. Amaphuzu amancane angafuna ukuthinteka kahle kodwa kungadlula ukuthinteka xa amanzi ayagcina kwezinye. Uma isizingo sezinye sibizwa kakhulu kusisitemu, kungabizwa ukuthinteka kahle kwe-pressure, ukuthinteka kahle kwezinye, nokubuyisela kahle kwezinye.

Amaphuzu amakhulu kwezolite ayathinta ukuthinteka kahle kwe-flow futhi ukuzilungisa kahle, kodwa amaphuzu amakhulu kakhulu angathinteka ukuthinteka kahle phakathi kwezinye nezinye zezolite.

Ngaleso, ukulungisa kwezinkulungwane zokuchitha amanzi ngokupheleleyo kuzobhekisana nezinye izinto ngokujikijela, kubantu kwezi zilandelayo:

Ukuvula kwesifunda sokuchitha

Ubukhulu obudingekayo bokuchitha izinto ezingavumelekileyo

Ubukhulu besibonelo semanzi esingasemthwakathini

Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-pressure

Izimo zokuchitha kabusha

Ukuthenga kwezinkulungwane ezihambisana kusiza ekugcineni ubukhulu bokuchitha okupheleleyo ngokuthi kunciphiselela izinkinga zokulungisa okungadingeki.

Izinkulungwane eziphambili zezolayiti ezingabonisana nokusebenza kokuchitha amanzi

Isikhundla sasezansi, isikhundla sasezansi, nokuthenga kwezinkulungwane

Ukusebenza kwezolayiti yokuchitha amanzi kuyidelela kungaphandle kuphela ukuthenga kwezinkulungwane kodwa futhi ukuthenga kwezinkulungwane zasezansi nezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane.

Izolayiti yezinkulungwane zezincilopitilolayiti ziyinikeza isikhundla sasezansi esincane esizosiza ekuthengeni amandla okuchitha amanzi ngezinto ezingavumelekileyo, ikakhulu amandla we-ammonium. Ukuthenga okuncane kwezinkulungwane kungasiza ekuthengeni isikhundla sasezansi esincane, okungasiza ekuthengeni ubukhulu bokuxhumana ngokuchitha.

Kodwa, ukugrinda kakhulu kungakwazi ukudala izinkambo ezincane kakhulu, okukhula ukunciphisa ukufinyelela kwezinto futhi kubeka phansi ubunzima bezinkambo zokufiltera. Izinkambo zezolite eziphelele zidinga ukulinganiswa phakathi kwezindawo zokuphatha izinkambo, ubunzima bezomkhosi, nokuthi zingaphi izindawo zokubuyela.

Kumasevisi esebenzisa amaqhina, ukuchaza komthwalo wamazinkambo nezifundo zezindawo zokuphatha kuzoba yizindlela ezibalulekile ukusondeza izinkambo zezolite zokufiltera ezinembile.

Ukuhlanganisa izinkambo zokubuyela nokubaluleka kokugrinda

Ukuhlanganisa izinkambo zokubuyela (CEC) yisici esibalulekile sokubonisa ukuthi izolite zingasiza kanjani ekubuyeleni izinkambo. I-clinoptilolite engenakho ishumi sokuhlanganisa izinkambo singabonakala ngokuthi iphinde kusukela kwezindawo zokuphatha, ubunzima, nokuthi kusebenzi kanjani.

Izindawo zokuphatha zikuthinta ukuthi ukubuyela kuzoba yisikhathi esingaphansi ngoba izinkambo ezincane zinakha izindlela ezincane ukusuka kumaqhina. Kodwa, ukusebenza kwezinsuku eziningi kuzoba yisici esibalulekile sokubaluleka kokugrinda. Izolite ezisebenzisa kumasevisi okufiltera kufanele zibe nesibonelo sokubaluleka kokugrinda ngokuphathelana nokusebenza kwezinsuku eziningi nokubuyela kweminyaka.

Izinkambo zezolite eziningi kakhulu kufanele zinikeze:

Ukugcina Kwamasandla Okuphakathi

Ukukhululekile kwezinhlobo zokwenza kahle

Ukugwala okuncane kwemithombo eyingakudingeki

Ukuhlanza kwemisebenzi yekhemikali ngokuphelele

Lezi zinqumo zinconywa ukuthi zilungisele isebenza esihlukile ekusebenzeni kwezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi ngeminyaka engaphezu kwezintandathu.

Ukukhetha Ukubhakisha Kwemithombo Yezolite Kuzinye Izinhlanganiso Zokuhlanza Amansi

Ukufilthara Kwemithambo Neukuhlanza Kwamansi Okusetyenziswa Emithambo

Kwizindawo zokufilthara emithambo, ukubhakisha kwemithombo yezolite kuchazwa ngokuphatha kweziflow nezinkambu zezinto ezingavumelekile. Izingxenye ezingabi ngezinye zisayishwa kahle lapho ukuthi iziflow ezingaphezulu nezinkinga zokugcina phansi zokugcina kuzoba zingcono.

Kwizindawo zokuhlanza amansi okusetyenziswa emithambo, izolite ezingabhekiswe ngokuphelele zinconywa ukuthi zihlanze izinto ezingasendaweni futhi zinconywa ukuthi zihlanze izinto zokuguqula iziqu ngokuphelele ngokuhlukanisa ukuthi zihlanze izinto zokuguqula iziqu ngokuphelele.

Ukuthuluzwa Kwamansi Neukususa Kwammonia

Kukusebenzisa amaqhwa emifula eyakhiwe ngokungafanele, izikrini ezincinci zeziklithi zingathola ukuthi kuzoba kubonakala kahle kusukela kwezinye izinyathelo zokuhlanganisa ngokwakho kwezinye izinyathelo zokufinyelela. Iziklithi ezenziwe ngokwesibonelo seclinoptilolite sijwayelekile kubhekwa kusukela kwezinye izinyathelo zokususa amoniumu ngokwakho kwezinye izinyathelo zokuguqula amakhemikhali.

Isayizi yezikrini esihle isiphambano ngokwamaphuzu emifula, izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuphatha, nokuthi yiziphi izinkulungwane zokusebenza. Kwezinye izindawo, izinkulungwane zokufiltera ezenziwe ngokugxilwa kwezinye izikrini zokufiltera zingathola ukuthi kuzoba kubonakala kahle ngokugxilwa kwezinye izinkulungwane zokufiltera nezinye izinkulungwane zokuguqula amakhemikhali.

Indima Yokubheka Ngokuphelele Kwesikhathi Sokufiltera Kwesiklithi

Ukubheka ngokuphelele kuyisisekelo sokuphatha ukuthi kuzoba kubonakala kahle kwesiklithi. Ngokusebenza, izinto ezingavunyelwa ziyagcwalisa kumkhakha wokufiltera, futhi ziyagcwalisa ukuthi kuzoba kubonakala kahle.

Ukubheka ngokuphelele kufanele kubhekwe ngokwalezi:

Isayizi yezikrini zesi klithi

Ukuthi yiziphi izinkulungwane zokufiltera

Ubude bomkhakha wokufiltera

Izinto ezingavunyelwa ezigcwaliswe

Amaphakathi amancane kufuneka abhekwe ngokuhle ngoba umsindo wokubuyela emuva okuningi kungabangela ukuphuma kwamaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukubuyela emuva okuncane kungabangela ukuthi amaphakathi aqondene, ukuthi amasiko aphume, nokuphula kwezinkinga zokufiltara.

Ukusebenza kahle kusiza ekunzuzeni isikhathi sokusebenza kwamaphakathi futhi ukugcina iziphumo zokusebenza esibonile.

Ukukhetha Izeolite Yokugcina Amanzi Ebusweni Lokusebenza

Usayizi wamaphakathi yisici esibalulekile kakhulu xa kuyakhethwa izeolite yokugcina amanzi, kodwa kufanele kubhekwa ngokujabulisayo ngezinye izici njengeqiniso leminerale, ubunzima, i-CEC, nezidingo zokusebenza.

Abasupplya basezeolite abanemisebenzi bafaka amaphakathi amaningana angaphansi kwezinye izigaba, futhi bafaka amaphakathi amasinga ngokwesicelo, ngokuchaza izinkampani zokufiltara nezidingo zokusebenza. Ukuzama kwezinto ezithile, njengezinye izifundo zokuzama usayizi wamaphakathi, ukuzama ukuthi kuyiphi ikhemikhali, nokuthenga izincwadi zokubonisa ubunzima, kusiza ekuvumelwaneni kokusebenza kwezinhlangano zokusebenza.

Kusukela kwezinkinga zokusebenza njengekuphatha kwamanzi amadwala, ukususa kwe-ammonium, ukufilta kwemithombo, nokuphatha kwamanzi wokuphatha izinsizakalo, ukukhetha isikhundla sesi-zeolite esifanele sikhululeka ukuthembeka kwezisebenzo futhi sunciphisa izinkinga zokuhlelwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokufilta kwe-zeolite ziyasebenziswa ngokujwayelekile?

Izinkulungwane ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa izinkulungwane eziningi zezinkulungwane njenge-12×24 ne-16×30. Ikhetho elisifanele liyaphenduka ngokwesifundo sokufilta, imigomo yokuvula, nokubhalwa kwezisebenzo.

Ngabe izinkulungwane ezingcwele kwe-zeolite ziyathola ukufilta okuhle kangaka?

Akunakho. Izinkulungwane ezingcwele zingakhulula ukuxhumana kwezinye zezinye futhi ukufilta okuhle, kodwa kungabangela ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinye izinkinga zokugcina i-pressure loss futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi kubhekelwe kahle ukufaka emuva.

Kungani isikhundla se-clinoptilolite se-zeolite sebhalwa kwezisebenzo zokufilta kwezamanzi?

Isikhundla se-clinoptilolite sena isithembiso sokufihla futhi inqubo yokuhamphisa amaqhina ngokwesibonelo, okuyisikhipha esifanele kwezisebenzo njengekuphatha kwe-ammonium nokuphatha kwezamanzi.

Ngabe izinkulungwane ezahlukeneyo zezinkulungwane zezamanzi zingahlanganiswa?

Yebo. Amadilili amaningi amathuluzi angakwenzela ukuthi amakhetho amaningi asebenza ngokuhambisana nokuthintana kwezinhlobo zezinkampani, ukuthintana kwezinhlobo zezinkampani, nokuthintana kwezinhlobo zezinkampani.

Kufanele ziphakanyiswe njani izinkampani zokuphatha amanzi?

Ukukhetha kufanele kubhekisele ku-izezinhlobo zezinkampani, ukuthintana kwezinhlobo zezinkampani, i-CEC, ubukhulu bezinkampani, imithombo yezinkampani, nokuthintana kwezinhlobo zezinkampani.