Impowudi yamacalcium carbonate iyabuyisa ubukhulu kanye nokuphula ukuthengiswa kwemisebenzi.

Umsebenzi: Indlela Oyenzekayo Yekhalsiyam Karbonayt Iphowdha Ukuphakamisa Ukuphakama KwePVC

Ukufaka kwekhalsiyam karbonayt iphowdha kwezinkqubo zasePVC kuthuthukisa ukuphakama ngendlela yezimbili: umkhakha wokufaka owaphakathi okuphakathi kwezinqubo zomkhakha, nokuhlelwa kwezinkinga phakathi kwezinkqubo nezinkqubo zomkhakha okuphakathi kwezinkinga ezingenayo. Izinto zombili zihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukuphakama kwezinto ezithi zingathwaliwa noma zingavalelwa.

Ukuvalelwa Kwemithambo Yezinqubo Ngokusebenza Kwemkhakha Owaphakathi

Kodwa izinkulungwane zemithambo yekalisiyam kabonayithe zihlukaniswa kwi-PVC, zibe ngamaphakathi amathuba okuthi aqondise ukudlula kwamaphakathi amabili we-polymer. Kukhona ukugcina okuphelele—kubizwa ngokuthi ngaphezulu kokugcina kwe-percolation—izinkulungwane zibuka isikhundla esisodwa, esinamandla okususa umkhondo. Le ndawo yokuqondisa ukudlula kwamaphakathi amabili, kuyavikela amaphakathi ase-PVC ukuzidla ngaphansi kwesimilo sokususa. Ngakho ke le ndawo yokuqondisa iyasiza ukuthi iphakeme kakhulu, i-modulus, nokuvikela ukuthi kufunywe. Le ndawo yokuqondisa ibhekisa amandla okususa kusenye indawo, kuyavikela ukuthi kufunywe. Noma ukudala okuncane kodwa okuhle kuhlukaniswe kuyakwenzeka ukuthi kubheke kakhulu ukuthi kufunywe ngaphandle kokuvikela ukuthi kubuyekeze.

Indima esikhundleni sokuhleka kwezinkulungwane zemithambo nokuhlanganisa kwezinye izinkulungwane

Ukuhlanganisa kwezinkundla kubhekisele kungaphela kuphela ekuphakamiseni kwemithombo kodwa futhi ekusakheni kwesikhala sokuphakama kwebhodhi nekukhanya kwezinye zezindawo. Amaphutha amancane—ikakhulu amaphutha ongaphansi kwe-1 µm noma angaphezu kwalokho—abonisa isikhala esikhulu sokugcina, sivumela ukuthi ukuthintana kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa kusukela kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa kuya kumithombo eyisikhala. Ukuchitha kwesikhala (isibonelo, ukuchitha ngokwesithole sakwe-stearic acid) kuhleza ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle nezinhlobo zokuzimisa, kuvikela ukuthi amaphutha ayizihlukanise, nokuvikela ukuthi kubekwe phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa. Ukukhanya kwezinye zezindawo kubhekisele kungaphela kuphela ekuvikeleni ukuthi amaphutha ayizihlukanise phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa kodwa futhi ekuvikeleni ukuthi isikhala sokuphakama siyasebenza kahle nokuvikela ukuthi izihlukanisi ziyathinta izihlukanisi zokuzimisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amaphutha amakhulu kunezidingo noma amaphutha angavikeli kahle ayenza ukuthi kubhekisele kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa nezinye zezindawo ezincane, okuvikela ukuthi kubhekisele kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa. Amaphutha amakhulu asebenzayo kwe-calcium carbonate—akhiwe kahle ukusukela kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa nokuchitha kwesikhala—ayabika ukuthi kubhekisele kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa kahle ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekisele kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa nezinhlobo zokuzimisa.

Izindlela zokusebenza: Amaphutha asebenzayo kwe-calcium carbonate njengomthombo wokuzimisa ophakeme kwezinhlobo zokuzimisa

Umsebenzi wokuguqula i-Resin: Amaphowdhe we-Calcium Carbonate angama-15–30% ayanciphisa izindleko zemithombo yezinto ezingeni eliphele

Ukufaka i-pVC powder esikhundleni se-15-30% ye-pVC resin kuyindlela eqinisekisiwe yokunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokudela ukuqina. I-calcium carbonate encibilikisiwe ngokuvamile ibiza ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi yenhlaka ye-PVC, okwenza ukushintshwa kube nokonga kakhulu. Imisebenzi yokukhishwa kwamapayipi namaphrofayli ikhombisa ukuthi ukulayishwa kwe-25% kokugcwalisa kunciphisa izindleko zenhlaka cishe ngo-1822% (Plastics Economics, 2023). Ubukhulu bayo obuphakeme nokufakwa kwamafutha okuphansi kusiza ukugcina i-rheology yokuncibilika engaguquguquki, kunciphisa isidingo sezithako ezibizayo zokucubungula. Izinga elihlanganiswe ne-stearic acid liqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka okuphumelelayo, kugwenywe ama-microvoies angenza i-composite ibe buthakathaka. Ngokuvamile kuhloswe ukuba kube nobukhulu bezinhlayiya obungu-210 μm ukuze kube nokuthwala okuhle kakhulu. Ngokuthuthukisa ingxenye yesine ye-polymer, ama-compounders athola izindleko eziphansi zezinto ezibonakalayo ngemitha yomkhiqizo okhishwe ngaphandle ngenkathi enikeza umkhiqizo oqinile, ohambisana nezindinganiso, obaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokwakha okuphezulu njengamapayipi namaphrofayli ewindi.

Ukunciphisa Kwamandla Kwe-Ultrafine Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Ekusakheni

Ukukhanya kwe-calcium carbonate (PCC) okungcono kakhulu, noma kubizwa ngokuthi “ultrafine precipitated calcium carbonate”, nokuthi izinkampani zayo zingaphezulu kwe-0.1 µm, kunciphisa ukusebenzisa amandla ekuphakanyiseni kwe-PVC ngokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinto ezihlukene nekunciphisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinto ezihlukene. Isibonelo sakhe esikhulu sokufanana nesilinganiso sakhe sokufanana sivumela ukuthi isebenze njengomkhankhali wokugqibela, okuthuthukisa ukugqibela kwezinto ezihlukene futhi kuvumela ukuchitha kwezinto ezihlukene kahle—okunciphisa isikhundla sokugqibela ngama-5–10 °C (Polymers Processing, 2024). Lokhu kuthi kunciphisa ukusebenzisa amandla we-motor ngama-12–15% emagumbini e-twin-screw ekusetyenziseni ama-20% PCC ngaphandle kwezinkampani zokwakha ngaphandle kwezinkampani zokwakha. Ukuthuthukisa kwezinto ezihlukene kwezinkampani zokwakha (0.35–0.40 W/m·K) kuyisibonelo sokuthi kuyadlula kabusha ukuthuthukisa kwezinto ezihlukene kwezinkampani zokwakha zokuphakanyisa (0.16 W/m·K), okuvumela ukuchitha kwezinto ezihlukene kahle kwezinkampani zokwakha futhi kuvumela ukuthi amagumbini ayisebenza ngokuphakeme kahle ngama-12% ngaphandle kokuhlinzekile kwezinkampani zokwakha. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenzisa amandla welektriki ngikilogram yezinkampani zokwakha—futhi lapho kudluliswa ngokuhlanganisa nokunciphisa ukusebenzisa izinkampani zokwakha, kuthi kunciphisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinkampani zokwakha ngama-25–30% kwezinkampani zokwakha zokuphakanyisa.

Ukuvuselela: Ukubhekana kwezinkinga zokuphakama kwezinkundla nezinkinga zokuthula ngokusebenzisa ipowoda yamacalcium carbonate

Umbuzo wemiphumela yamaphakade: Kungani ipowoda yamacalcium carbonate engaphezulu kwe-1 mikromitha iyakwakha ukuthula kwezinkundla

Nakuba ipowoda yamacalcium carbonate engaphezulu kwe-1 mikromitha iyakhulisa ukuphakama ngokwenza inkundla eyinkulu, kuyakwakha ukuthula kwezinkundla. Amaphakade angaphezulu kwe-1 mikromitha ane-energy yephepha eliphezulu futhi ayakwakha amaphakade amaningi, okukhuthaza amaphakade amancane okuthula kwezinkundla. Uma kufakwa kwezinkundla, lezi ziqondiso ziyadlala indima yokuthula kwezinkundla kodwa akazikhi umsebenzi wokuthula kwezinkundla—okukhuthaza ukuthula kwezinkundla. Indaba yoku-2021 e- Polymer Testing kufindwa ukuthi izinkulungwane ze-PVC nezinkulungwane zezincarbonate zasekhalisiyo zokubiliwe ngemithameteri engu-0.7 ziyabonisa ukuthi ukuphuma kwesibhambo sokugqibela kusuka emaphakathi kuyisikhathi esingasemthwakathwaka ngemithameteri engu-28 kulokho kuzoba ngemithameteri engu-3, nokuba yizinto ephakeme ngemithameteri engu-12. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ukubeka amakhaini amaninzi kusobala kunciphisa ukuthi isibhambo sifanele kusobala futhi ukuthi ukuthwasa kusobala kusobala. Ukukhula ukuthi isibhambo siyabona, abaphakhami bafaka amakhaini okuhlelwa kumgodi noma amakhaini okuhlelwa kumgodi okubili—okuvumela amakhaini amancane ukuthi ahluleke ngokuthi ayihlele amakhaini amaningi futhi amakhaini amakhulu ukuthi ahluleke ngokuthi ayihlele amakhaini amaningi futhi ukuthi isibhambo siyabona.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ukuthi ukutheni kwezincarbonate zasekhalisiyo kwi-PVC kuyini?

Izincarbonate zasekhalisiyo ziyahlela ukuthi isibhambo siyabona ngokuthi iyakha umkhakha wokuhlola okuhlele amakhaini amaninzi futhi iyahlela ukuthi amakhaini ayihlele isibhambo ngokuthi ayihlele ukuthi ukuthwasa kusobala kusobala.

Ukuthi ubukhulu bekakhaini kubangela kanjani ukuthi izincarbonate zasekhalisiyo ziyasebenza kwi-PVC?

Amakhaini amancane ayahlela ukuthi isibhambo siyabona ngokuthi ayihlele ukuthi ukuthwasa kusobala kusobala futhi ayihlele ukuthi ukuthwasa kusobala kusobala. Kodwa, ukuthi amakhaini ayihlele kakhulu kunciphisa ukuthi isibhambo siyabona ngokuthi ayihlele ukuthi ukuthwasa kusobala kusobala.

Ingaba ipowdha yamakalisiyam kabonethe iyakwakha izindlela zokuproducwa ze-PVC ngokulula?

Yebo, ukubuyisela ama-15–30% we-PVC resin ngamapowdha yamakalisiyam kabonethe kungakwakha izindlela zokuproducwa ngokulula, ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa amandla, nokuthuthukisa ubungako bezindlela zokuphuma kwemithombo.